Absorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat.
Scattering: The changes in direction of light confined within an OF, occurring due to imperfection in the core & cladding, Scattering causes no changes in the wavelength of the radiation.
Acceptance Angle: The angle within which the OF will accept light for transmission along its core. This angle is measured from the centre of the core.
Introduction
to PCM - Pulse Code Modulation (You
can download or view the each chapter seperately.Note:All
the file are in Adobe Reader format)
Today
we are living in digital era.Pulse Code Modulation plays a vital
role in digital transmission.Introduction to Pulse code Modulation
is a attempt to explain the pulse code modulation in detail.
Plesiochronous
Digital Hierarchical Transmission Systems
The
PDH transmission system was very popular towards the end of the
last millennium and today this has become outdated due to the introduction
of SDH Systems. However understanding the concepts that have been
adopted to achieve PDH system will be an added advantage for any
academic t visualize the latest theories of SDH.
The
beauty of digital transmission is the ability that can be multiplex
of much information separated in minute time such as Pico seconds
in one transmission media. Earlier this has been achieved by plesiochronous
digital hierarchy. This has its own drawbacks. The American Sonnet
system has been adapted to suit both American and European systems
resulted the introduction of SDH technology. The book presented
here is in the form of slides so that the reader can understand
the concepts which have been used in the SDH technology.
Common
Channel Signaling is widely used in the present day telephone and
data networks. To understand the concept of Common Channel Signaling
it is advisable to have a general knowledge about the signaling
that has been used prior to Common Channel Signaling in the telephone
networks. This too will be available in this website in time to
come.
The following chapters will explain the concepts of Common Channel
Signaling and the practical application will be uploaded to the
website in time to come.
Error
control plays a vital role in communication. Human to human communication
without their knowledge they carry out error control to update their
knowledge. But when the error control is applied to equipment to
equipment the error control adopted by human has to be evolved to
suit for the equipment for the proper reception of correct data.
Hence in the modern communication techniques error control plays
a vital role when data is sent from one corner of the globe to another
corner without any corruption of data. The following chapters will
allow the reader to understand how an error control is affected
in non-real time systems which is being deployed in the latest communication
systems.
Traffic
engineering will allow you to study of using resources effectively
this subject is generally neglected by many professionals thus causing
much wastage to the organizations. In this book attempt is made to
allow the reader to understand what is traffic engineering and the
application of theories with respect to telecommunication networks.